3 Things That Destroy Coral Reefs

3 Things That Destroy Coral Reefs

Coral reefs are among the most diverse and vibrant ecosystems on Earth, teeming with life and providing essential services to coastal communities. However, these magnificent structures are under threat from various human activities. Here, we delve into three significant factors that are destroying coral reefs.

Overfishing and Fishing Practices

One of the primary threats to coral reefs is overfishing and the use of harmful fishing practices. When fish populations are depleted, it disrupts the delicate balance of the reef ecosystem. Overfishing can lead to the collapse of fish species that are crucial for maintaining the health of the reef, such as herbivores that help control algae growth.

According to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), overfishing has led to the decline of fish populations by 90% in some areas. This decline has severe consequences for coral reefs, as it reduces the number of fish that graze on algae, allowing it to overgrow and smother the corals.

Furthermore, fishing practices such as dynamite fishing and the use of cyanide to stun fish can cause significant damage to coral reefs. Dynamite fishing destroys coral reefs by causing explosions that kill everything in the vicinity, while cyanide fishing can leave behind dead corals and injured marine life.

Climate Change and Ocean Acidification

Climate change is another major threat to coral reefs. Rising sea temperatures can cause coral bleaching, a phenomenon where corals expel the algae living in their tissues, leading to their death. The increased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere contribute to ocean acidification, which makes it harder for corals to build their calcium carbonate skeletons.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the ocean has absorbed about 30% of the CO2 emitted by human activities since the pre-industrial era. This has led to a decrease in pH levels, making the ocean more acidic.

The combination of rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification has devastating effects on coral reefs. The IPCC predicts that by the end of this century, up to 70-90% of coral reefs could be threatened by climate change, with some reefs potentially being lost entirely.

Coastal Development and Pollution

Coastal development and pollution are also significant contributors to the destruction of coral reefs. Construction activities, such as dredging and land reclamation, can lead to sedimentation, which smother corals and block sunlight from reaching them. Additionally, coastal development can disrupt the natural flow of water and nutrients, further impacting the health of the reef.

According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), coastal development is responsible for the loss of 20% of the world’s coral reefs. Pollution from agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and sewage can introduce harmful substances into the water, causing coral bleaching and disease.

The table below highlights some of the key pollutants affecting coral reefs:

In conclusion, the destruction of coral reefs is a complex issue with multiple contributing factors. Addressing overfishing, climate change, and coastal development is crucial for the survival of these vital ecosystems. By taking action to mitigate these threats, we can help preserve the beauty and biodiversity of coral reefs for future generations.